Luckily for us ds is pretty good. When he isn't, we use time outs but to be honest I don't really know what this teaches him. I can see them as being a natural consequence for like if he has a friend over and is misbehaving, a time out alone in his room is a natural consequence - it separates him from his friend for a few minutes so he can calm down.
But for other things? To me it just doesn't seem like a natural consequence.
We definitely don't spank. What does that teach?
I find prevention is way more than half the battle. Our ds (5.5) will start acting like a different person when he's had a lot of sugar - and by a lot I don't mean a lot - he must be really sensitive to it - you would swear the child will start speaking in tongues. He will become defiant, back - talk us, and generally jump out of his skin. So I limit his sugar - and it doesn't matter if it is 'organic', less refined, no dyes, etc. - it is still sugar and has the same effect on him.
Also bedtime is pretty strictly enforced, much as I would love for him to stay up a little longer. One minute he is fine, the next he is a maniac and it's because he's tired. So while the neighborhood kids his age are still out at 9:30 at night he's been in bed for over an hour. That's just the way it is ~ if he didn't need the sleep it wouldn't be an issue to me. He does, so he goes to bed.
In stores I see kids that behave ALL the time like ds does when he's had too much sugar or when they are tired. I can't imagine ever living that way 24/7. Yet I wonder how many parents actually put 2 & 2 together and realized this? Of course I know this is not all children, but I'm willing to bet much of bad behaviour is created by these two evils!!